Understanding Gum Disease: Signs, Prevention, and Treatment

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Gum disease is very common across the world. Thankfully, there are ways to treat and prevent it. Gum disease can start slowly. But if left untreated, it can worsen and cause damage to your mouth. Healthy gums are key to good oral health. They protect your teeth and keep your smile strong. 

This blog explains what gum disease is, how to spot the signs, and what you can do to prevent and treat it.

What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is a general term for infections and inflammation of the gums. The two most common forms are gingivitis and periodontitis. These diseases are preventable and treatable. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), gum disease can be prevented and treated by good oral hygiene. Good oral hygiene also includes regular cleanings by a dental professional.

The Mayo Clinic explains that gum disease begins with a buildup of plaque. Plaque is made up of a sticky film of bacteria that irritates the gums. If not removed, plaque can harden into tartar. Tartar is much more difficult to remove than plaque. Plaque can be cleared with daily brushing and flossing. Tartar requires professional cleaning.

There are two main stages of gum disease:

  • Gingivitis: The earliest stage. Gums may appear red and swollen. They may also bleed easily, especially when flossing. Gingivitis is mild and can be reversed with proper oral care.
  • Periodontitis: A more serious stage. The gums pull away from the teeth. This can form pockets that become infected. Over time, the support around the teeth weakens, which can lead to loosening or tooth loss.

Signs of Gum Disease

Gum disease often develops slowly. Many people may not realize they have it. Catching it early can make a big difference. According to the Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), common signs include:

  • Red, swollen, or tender gums
  • Gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing
  • Bad breath that does not go away
  • Loose or shifting teeth
  • Receding gums
  • Tooth sensitivity
  • Pain while chewing food

It is important to schedule a dentist visit if you notice any of these symptoms. Early treatment can often reverse damage.

What Causes Gum Disease?

Plaque is the main cause of gum disease. It can harden over time and become difficult to remove. Other risk factors include:

  • Smoking, tobacco use, or vaping
  • Family history of gum disease
  • Poor oral hygiene habits
  • Hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or menopause)
  • Health conditions that weaken the immune system
  • Medications that cause dry mouth

Understanding these risks can help you take steps to prevent gum disease.

How to Prevent Gum Disease

A strong daily oral care routine is the best way to protect your gums. Here are a few tips:

  • Brush twice a day: Use a soft-bristled or electric toothbrush with fluoride toothpaste.
  • Floss daily: Flossing before brushing removes food and plaque from between teeth and under the gumline.
  • Visit the dentist regularly: Routine cleanings and check-ups catch issues early.
  • Eat a healthy diet: Foods rich in vitamins A and C help support gum health.
  • Avoid smoking or vaping: These habits reduce gum healing and increase the risk of gum disease.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on how severe the gum disease is. Mild gingivitis can be reversed with improved brushing and flossing. More advanced cases, like periodontitis, need professional care.

According to the Mayo Clinic and Cleveland Clinic, treatment options may include:

  • Professional cleaning: Removes plaque and tartar from above and below the gumline.
  • Scaling and root planing: A deeper cleaning that smooths tooth roots and removes bacteria from pockets.
  • Medications: Antibacterial rinses or gels may help reduce infection.
  • Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to clean infected areas or restore bone support.

The key to healthy gums is regular Dental Care and strong at-home hygiene habits.

Visit Clinicas

At Clinicas del Camino Real, Inc., we offer Dental Care Services to help protect your smile. Our services include routine cleanings, check-ups, and treatment for gum disease. Our dental team is here to help catch issues early and guide you through treatment. Early care makes a big difference. Do not wait until symptoms get worse.

Schedule a visit with Clinicas today to keep your gums healthy and your smile strong.