Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease. It happens when your immune system attacks your tissues and organs by mistake. This leads to inflammation in different parts of the body. Lupus can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, heart, and lungs.

Women are more likely to get lupus than men. However, symptoms may be more severe in males. Lupus can happen at any age. It is most often diagnosed between ages 15 and 44.

This blog will explain what lupus is, the symptoms to look out for, and how it is treated.

Types of Lupus

There are different types of lupus. Some are more common than others. Normally, the immune system fights off infections and helps keep you healthy. But with autoimmune diseases like lupus, the body attacks itself.

According to the Cleveland Clinic and the Mayo Clinic, the most common types include:

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): The most common type. It attacks many parts of the body.
• Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE): This form affects only the skin. It creates round rashes or lesions.
• Drug-Induced Lupus (DIL): Some medications can lead to DIL. It often goes away after stopping the drug.
• Neonatal Lupus: A rare type seen in babies. It is linked to the mother’s immune antibodies. This condition usually fades after a few months.

What Causes Lupus?

Doctors are not certain of what causes lupus. It is likely due to a mix of factors. These factors may include genetics and environment. Some people have a higher risk if lupus runs in their family. Certain factors can trigger this condition.

Based on Healthline, the Cleveland Clinic, and the Mayo Clinic, triggers may include:

• Genetics: A family history of autoimmune disease may increase risk.
• Environment: Exposure to sunlight, infections, pollution, or chemicals.
• Hormones: Estrogen and other hormone changes may play a role.
• Infections: Some infections can bring on symptoms.
• Medications: Certain medications may trigger lupus symptoms in people at risk.

These triggers do not cause lupus directly. But they can lead to symptoms in people who are more likely to develop it.

What Are the Symptoms of Lupus?

Lupus looks different in every person. Some have mild symptoms, while others have severe flare-ups. A flare means symptoms get worse for a while, then improve.

Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue
• Joint pain or swelling
• A butterfly-shaped rash on the cheeks and nose
• Skin problems or sensitivity to sunlight
• Fingers or toes turning blue from cold or stress
• Chest pain or shortness of breath
• Dry eyes or mouth
• Fever

Additional symptoms include memory issues, confusion, and headaches. Lupus can also lead to problems with the heart, lungs, kidneys, or mental health.

Symptoms can come and go. This makes it harder to diagnose lupus. It can look like other health conditions.

How Is Lupus Diagnosed?

It can be difficult to diagnose lupus. The symptoms may look like other health problems. Some people have symptoms that come and go. It may also overlap with other health conditions.

Multiple tests and tools may need to be done to make a diagnosis. According to Healthline, the Mayo Clinic, and the Cleveland Clinic, doctors use:

• Blood and Urine Tests: These check for inflammation, infection, and organ problems.
• Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test: This test looks for positive antibodies. A positive result may mean your immune system is active. But it does not always mean you have lupus.
• Biopsy: Tissue samples from the skin or kidneys can show immune damage.
• Medical History and Physical Exam: Helps identify patterns of symptoms over time.

How Is Lupus Treated?

There is no cure for lupus. But treatments can help reduce symptoms and prevent damage. According to Healthline, treatment helps reduce flare-ups and protects your organs.

Common treatments include:

• Anti-inflammatory medications: Help with swelling and pain
• Antimalarial drugs: Help reduce skin and joint problems
• Steroids: Control inflammation
• Immunosuppressants: Calms an overactive immune system
• Biologics: Medications given through the vein to reduce severe symptoms
• Lifestyle changes: Sun protection, rest, and stress management

Some people may also need medications for related conditions. A rheumatologist can create a treatment plan tailored to you.

Living with Lupus

Regular check-ups are important. Your doctor can see if symptoms are getting better or worse. They can also change treatment plans if needed. Lifestyle changes can help ease symptoms.

Helpful lifestyle changes include:

• Protecting your skin from the sun
• Eating healthy meals
• Gentle exercise
• Taking vitamins
• Quitting smoking

The Mayo Clinic also shares some alternative treatments. Talk to your doctor before trying anything new. This helps make sure it does not interfere with your care plan.

Alternatives include:

• Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): Contains hormones that may help reduce flares
• Fish oil: Supports heart, immune health, and inflammation
• Acupuncture: Can help relieve muscle pain

Visit Clinicas

At Clinicas del Camino Real Inc., we are here to help you manage lupus and its symptoms. Our Primary Care Services support you through flare-ups and provide guidance throughout your health journey.

You do not have to manage your health alone. Schedule an appointment today to learn how we can treat your condition and support your journey to better health.